The Ontario Science Centre has developed an exciting collection of school program designed to link to the new Science and Technology Curriculum. These highly motivating programs, presented live by the Science Education Staff, are intended to help students:
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Exploring Matter |
| C1.2 |
assess the social and environmental impact of the production or use of a common element or simple compound
Sample issue: The use of road salt makes winter driving safer, reducing the social costs of motor vehicle accidents, including loss of human life. But the compounds in road salt damage roads and vehicles, pollute water systems, and harm animals and vegetation.
Sample questions:… What is the environmental impact of the widespread use of plastics? |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to the exploration of matter, including, but not limited to: combustion, … decomposition, … precipitate, reaction, and soluble |
| C2.5 |
investigate and compare the chemical properties of representative elements within groups in the periodic table families of elements |
| C3.2 |
describe the characteristics that distinguish elements from compounds |
| C3.4 |
explain the relationships between the properties of elements and their position in the periodic table |
| C3.5 |
describe the characteristic physical and chemical properties of common elements |
| C3.6 |
use symbols and chemical formulae to represent common elements and simple compounds |
| C3.7 |
identify the elements and compounds in common household products |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Atoms, Elements, and Compounds |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to atoms, elements, and compounds, including, but not limited to: boiling point, mixtures, particle theory, pure substances, and viscosity |
| C3.3 |
distinguish between elements and compounds (e.g., compounds are pure substances that can be broken down into elements by chemical means) |
| C3.4 |
describe the characteristic physical and chemical properties of common elements and compounds |
| C3.7 |
compare and contrast the physical properties of elements within a group and between groups in the periodic table |
| C3.8 |
identify and use the symbols for common elements and the formulae for common compounds |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: compounds, product, and reactant |
| C3.3 |
describe the types of evidence that indicate chemical change |
| C3.4 |
write word equations and balanced chemical equations for simple chemical reactions |
| C3.5 |
describe, on the basis of observation, the reactants in and products of a variety of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition,and displacement reactions |
| C3.7 |
describe how the pH scale is used to classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications |
| C1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, the function of chemical reactions in the production of selected products and/or in processes commonly encountered at home or in the workplace, and communicate their findings
Sample questions: How does the addition of ethanol to gasoline result in cleaner engine emissions…? |
| C1.2 |
identify practical applications of chemical reactions in a particular profession, and assess the associated hazards, including hazards associated with the handling and disposal of chemicals…
Sample questions: How do lab technicians protect themselves from chemical reactions in their work environment? … What precautions can they take in using and disposing of the chemicals?… |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: …dilute, neutralization, product, reactant, and word equation |
| C3.2 |
name and write the formulae for simple ionic and molecular compounds |
| C3.3 |
write word equations and balanced chemical equations for simple chemical reactions |
| C3.4 |
describe the process of neutralization for simple acid–base reactions |
| C3.5 |
describe how the pH scale is used to identify the concentration of acids and bases |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Quantities in Chemical Reactions |
| D3.4 |
explain the quantitative relationships expressed in a balanced chemical equation, using appropriate units of measure |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Chemical Reactions |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: neutralization, precipitate, acidic, and basic |
| C3.1 |
identify various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion |
| C3.2 |
explain the difference between a complete combustion reaction and an incomplete combustion reaction |
| C3.3 |
explain the chemical reactions that result in the formation of acids and bases from metal oxides and non-metal oxides |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 11 | Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry |
| F2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to gases and atmospheric chemistry, including, but not limited to: standard temperature, standard pressure,molar volume, and ideal gas |
| F3.1 |
identify the major and minor chemical components of Earth’s atmosphere |
| F3.2 |
describe the different states of matter, and explain their differences in terms of the forces between atoms, molecules, and ions |
| F3.3 |
use the kinetic molecular theory to explain the properties and behaviour of gases in terms of types and degrees of molecular motion |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Electrochemistry |
| F1.1 |
assess, on the basis of research, the viability of using electrochemical technologies as alternative sources of energy, and explain their potential impact on society and the environment |
| F2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to electrochemistry, including, but not limited to: half-reaction, electrochemical cell, reducing agent, oxidizing agent, redox reaction… |
| F2.3 |
write balanced chemical equations for oxidation-reduction reactions, using various methods including oxidation numbers of atoms and the half-reaction method of balancing |
| F3.1 |
explain redox reactions in terms of the loss and gain of electrons and the associated change in oxidation number |
| F3.5 |
explain some applications of electrochemistry in common industrial processes |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Energy Changes and Rates of Reaction |
| D1.1 |
analyse some conventional and alternative energy technologies, and evaluate them in terms of their efficiency and impact on the environment...
|
| D1.2 |
analyse the conditions required to maximize the efficiency of some common natural or industrial chemical reactions, and explain how the improved efficiency of the reaction contributes to environmental sustainability.
Sample issue: Bleaches such as hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are used when fibres are processed into paper or textiles. Concentrations of these substances can harm the environment, but if enzymes are added to these processes as biocatalysts, fewer chemicals are needed, less energy is consumed, and there is less environmental impact.
Sample questions:…Why is just a very small quantity of catalyst required in industrial processes…? |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to energy changes and rates of reaction, including, but not limited to: …activation energy, endothermic, exothermic, potential energy… |
| D2.2 |
write thermochemical equations, expressing the energy change as a ÄH value or as a heat term in the equation |
| D3.1 |
compare the energy changes resulting from physical change, chemical reactions, and nuclear reactions, in terms of whether energy is released or absorbed |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Electrochemistry |
| D1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, a technological application that is based on the oxidation-reduction reaction that occurs in galvanic cells.
|
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to electrochemistry, including, but not limited to: oxidation,…and electrolyte |
| D3.1 |
explain the concepts of oxidation and reduction in terms of the chemical changes that occur during redox reactions |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Matter and Qualitative Analysis |
| B3.2 |
describe various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Organic Chemistry |
| C1.2 |
research a useful product made from one or more organic substances, and assess the environmental impact of the production, use, and disposal of the product
Sample issue: We depend on plastics in every area of our lives, from food packaging to construction materials to DVDs. However, the manufacture of plastics involves the release of chemical pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment, and huge quantities of plastic trash are now being found in our oceans |
| C3.2 |
identify functional group structures that define common classes of organic compounds
Conduct an inquiry to identify some of the products of the combustion of…an alcohol |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Organic Chemistry |
| B2.4 |
analyse, on the basis of inquiry, various organic chemical reactions |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Chemical Systems and Equilibrium |
| E3.2 |
explain the concept of chemical equilibrium and how it applies to the concentration of reactants and products in a chemical reaction at equilibrium |
| E3.3 |
explain Le Châtelier’s principle and how it applies to changes to a chemical reaction at equilibrium |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Chemistry in the Environment |
| F3.1 |
identify major and minor chemical components of Earth’s atmosphere |
| F3.6 |
explain the difference between the concepts of strength and concentration when referring to solutions of acids and bases |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
Earth and Space Science 10 | Earth's Dynamic Climate |
| D1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, various ways in which living things and natural systems have been affected by climate change and communicate their findings |
| D1.2 |
analyse ways in which human actions have increased or decreased the production of greenhouse gases |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to Earth’s dynamic climate, including, but not limited to: anthropogenic, atmosphere, carbon footprint, carbon sink, climate, greenhouse gases, hydrosphere, and weather |
| D2.2 |
investigate the principles of the natural greenhouse effect, using simulations, diagrams, and/or models, and compare these principles to those of an actual greenhouse |
| D2.5 |
investigate their personal carbon footprint, using a computer simulation or numerical data, and plan a course of action to reduce their footprint |
| D2.6 |
compare different tools or systems used by scientists to make informed decisions on global climate change |
| D3.1 |
describe the principal components of Earth’s climate system |
| D3.2 |
describe the natural greenhouse effect, its importance for life, and the difference between it and the anthropogenic greenhouse effect |
| D3.3 |
describe how heat is transferred and stored in both hydrospheric and atmospheric heat sinks |
| D3.4 |
identify different greenhouse gases, and explain how they are produced naturally in the environment |
| D3.5 |
describe methods by which greenhouse gases are produced by humans |
| D3.6 |
identify the natural and human causes of climate change in the world and, in particular, how Canada contributes to climate change |
| D3.7 |
identify indicators of global climate change |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
10 | Climate Change |
| D1.1 |
analyse current and/or potential effects, both positive and negative, of climate change on human activity and natural systems |
| D1.2 |
assess, on the basis of research, the effectiveness of some current individual, regional, national, or international initiatives that address the issue of climate change and propose a further course of action related to one of these initiatives |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to climate change, including, but not limited to: albedo, anthropogenic, atmosphere, cycles, heat sinks, and hydrosphere |
| D2.3 |
analyse different sources of scientific data for evidence of natural climate change and climate change influenced by human activity |
| D2.4 |
investigate a popular hypothesis on a cause and- effect relationship having to do with climate change, using simulations and/or time-trend data that model climate profiles |
| D2.6 |
investigate, through laboratory inquiry or simulations, how water in its various states influences climate |
| D2.7 |
investigate, through research or simulations, the influence of ocean currents on local and global heat transfer and precipitation patterns |
| D3.1 |
describe the principal components of Earth’s climate system and how the system works |
| D3.2 |
describe and explain heat transfer in the hydrosphere and atmosphere and its effects on air and water currents |
| D3.3 |
describe the natural greenhouse effect, explain its importance for life, and distinguish it from the anthropogenic greenhouse effect |
| D3.4 |
identify natural phenomena and human activities known to affect climate, and describe the role of both in Canada’s contribution to climate change |
| D3.5 |
describe the principal sources and sinks, both natural and/or anthropogenic, of greenhouse gases |
| D3.6 |
describe how different carbon and nitrogen compounds influence the trapping of heat in the atmosphere and hydrosphere |
| D3.7 |
describe, in general terms, the causes and effects of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect |
| D3.8 |
identify and describe indicators of global climate change |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Biology 12 | Biochemistry |
| B1.2 |
evaluate, on the basis of research, some advances in cellular biology and related technological applications |
| B2.3 |
construct and draw three-dimensional molecular models of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| B2.5 |
plan and conduct an investigation related to a cellular process, using appropriate laboratory equipment and techniques, and report the results in an appropriate format |
| B3.2 |
describe the structure of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and explain their function within cells |
| B3.3 |
identify common functional groups within biological molecules, and explain how they contribute to the function of each molecule |
| B3.4 |
describe the chemical structures and mechanisms of various enzymes |
|
|---|
Biology 12 | Molecular Genetics |
| D1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, some of the social, ethical, and legal implications of biotechnology |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to molecular genetics, including, but not limited to: polymerase I, II, and III, DNA ligase, helicase, Okazaki fragment, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, translation, transcription, and ribosome subunits |
| D2.2 |
analyse a simulated strand of DNA to determine the genetic code and base pairing of DNA |
| D2.3 |
conduct an investigation to extract DNA from a specimen of plant or animal protein |
| D3.1 |
explain the current model of DNA replication, and describe the different repair mechanisms that can correct mistakes in DNA sequencing |
| D3.5 |
describe some examples of genetic modification, and explain how it is applied in industry and agriculture |
| D3.6 |
describe the functions of some of the cell components used in biotechnology |
| D3.7 |
describe, on the basis of research, some of the historical scientific contributions that have advanced our understanding of molecular genetics |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Biotechnology |
| F1.2 |
analyse, on the basis of research, ethical and legal issues related to an application of biotechnology in the health, agricultural, or environmental sector |
| F2.3 |
investigate, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, a recently developed biotechnological method used in the health sector |
| F3.1 |
explain various methods used, over time, in the field of biotechnology |
| F3.2 |
explain the structure and functions of macromolecules and the synthesis of proteins |
| F3.3 |
describe applications of biotechnology in the health, agricultural and environmental sectors |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Environmental Science 11 | Human Health and the Environment |
| C1. |
analyse initiatives, both governmental and non-governmental, that are intended to reduce the impact of environmental factors on human health |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to human health and the environment, including, but not limited to: contaminants, …air pollution, and pesticide |
| C2.3 |
investigate, through laboratory inquiry or field study, water samples from natural and disturbed environments and, analyse the resulting data |
| C3.2 |
describe the effects of a variety of environmental factors on human health |
| C3.3 |
describe ways in which a variety of environmental contaminants can enter the human body |
| C3.4 |
describe measures that can reduce exposure to environmental contaminants |
|
|---|
Environmental Science 11 | Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry |
| D1. |
evaluate the impact of agricultural and forestry practices on human health, the economy, and the environment |
|
|---|
Environmental Science 11 | Human Impact on the Environment |
| B1. |
analyse selected current environmental problems in terms of the role human activities have played in creating or perpetuating them, and propose possible solutions to one such problem |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology relating to the environmental impact of human activity, including, but not limited to: carbon footprint, carbon neutral, … carrying capacity…and...sustainability |
| B3.1 |
identify the basic components of soil, water, and air, and describe some of the effects of human activity on soil, water, and air quality |
| B3.2 |
explain the concept of the cycling of substances in ecosystems |
| B3.5 |
explain the effects of human activity on an aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem |
|
|---|
Environmental Science 11 | Human Health and the Environment |
| C3.1 |
describe common environmental factors, including pollution and environmental contaminants, and explain how they can affect human health |
| C3.2 |
describe various ways in which environmental contaminants can enter the human body |
| C3.4 |
describe medical and non-medical ways to protect oneself from the effects of harmful environmental factors |
|
|---|
Environmental Science 11 | Natural Resource Science and Management |
| E1. |
assess the environmental impact of the harvesting and/or extraction of resources, including ways of reducing this impact, and analyse threats to the sustainability of natural resources |
|
|---|
Environmental Science 11 | Scientific Solutions to Contemporary Environmental Challenges |
| B1. |
analyse social and economic issues related to an environmental challenge, and how societal needs influence scientific endeavours related to the environment |
| B3.1 |
identify some major contemporary environmental challenges, and explain their causes and effects |
| B3.4 |
explain how an environmental challenge has led to advances in science or technology |
| B3.5 |
describe a variety of human activities that have led to environmental problems and/or contributed to their solution |
|
|---|
Biology 11 | Microbiology |
| C1.1 |
assess some of the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of microorganisms in the environment…
Sample issue: Adding beneficial microorganisms to compost at large-scale composting facilities aids in the decomposition of organic waste, and produces high-quality compost in a reduced amount of time. However, the microorganisms can leach into groundwater and run off into nearby water systems, where they can harm other organisms.
|
| C3.5 |
describe how different viruses, bacteria, and fungi can affect host organisms, and how those effects are normally treated or prevented |
|
|---|
Biology 12 | Population Dynamics |
| F1. |
analyse the relationships between population growth, personal consumption, technological development, and our ecological footprint, and assess the effectiveness of some Canadian initiatives intended to assist expanding populations |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Disease and Its Prevention |
| D1. |
evaluate the impact of public policy initiatives and technological advances intended to control the spread of disease, taking into consideration the failure of some people to follow public health regulations or recommendations |
| D2.2 |
conduct an investigation, using safe practices and aseptic techniques, to compare the characteristics and growth of different types of non-pathogenic bacteria |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Chemicals in Consumer Products |
| C1.2 |
assess the environmental consequences of improper disposal of chemical products commonly used in the home |
| C3.3 |
explain the function of the pH scale and how pH test results are interpreted |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Science and Public Health Issues |
| E3.4 |
explain a variety of social factors that can promote the rapid spread of infectious diseases |
| E3.5 |
describe public health measures, including legislation, that are used for the protection of the public |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Pathogens and Disease |
| C3.2 |
describe the mode of transmission of various diseases, including those that are insect-borne, … water-borne,…and food-borne |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Hazards in the Workplace |
| B3.1 |
describe the ways in which hazardous materials enter the body, and explain the importance of using personal protective equipment to avoid contamination |
| B3.3 |
identify common biological hazards in the workplace, and describe potentially harmful situations and practices as well as best safety practices relating to these hazards |
| B3.4 |
identify common chemical hazards in the workplace, and describe potentially harmful situations and practices as well as best safety practices relating to these hazards |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Matter, Chemical Trends and Chemical Bonding |
| B1. |
analyse the properties of commonly used chemical substances and their effects on human health and the environment, and propose ways to lessen their impact |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 11 | Solutions and Solubility |
| E1.1 |
analyse the origins and cumulative effects of pollutants that enter our water systems, and explain how these pollutants affect water quality.
Sample issue: Golf courses use fertilizer and irrigation systems to sustain the vegetation. However, chemical substances, when combined with water, may run off and pollute local water systems.
Sample questions: What pollutants might be found in untreated wastewater from a chicken farm or a poultry-processing plant? How do leachates from old landfill sites enter our water system? How might they affect the water quality of local streams? What are some of the sources and effects of mercury in water systems…? |
| E1.2 |
analyse economic, social, and environmental issues related to the distribution, purification, or use of drinking water.
Sample issue: In developing countries, thousands of people, many of them children, die every year from drinking contaminated water. Many of these countries cannot afford to build water treatment plants. In North America, where safe water is generally available, we spend millions of dollars on bottled water, draining sources of fresh water and challenging waste-disposal systems.
Sample questions: What are the economic costs of building, maintaining, and monitoring water-purification plants? What are the social and environmental costs if these plants are not properly maintained and monitored? …What public health concerns are associated with the consumption of water bottled in plastic containers? |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to aqueous solutions and solubility, including, but not limited to: concentration, solubility, precipitate, … pH, dilute, solute, and solvent |
| E2.4 |
conduct an investigation to analyse qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions |
| E2.7 |
determine the concentration of an acid or a base in a solution, using the acid–base titration technique |
| E2.8 |
conduct an investigation to determine the concentrations of pollutants in their local treated drinking water, and compare the results to commonly used guidelines and standards |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Chemical Reactions |
| C1. |
analyse chemical reactions used in a variety of applications, and assess their impact on society and the environment |
| C1.2. |
assess the effectiveness of some applications of chemical reactions that are used to address social and environmental needs and problems…
|
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Quantities in Chemical Reactions |
| D1.1 |
analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that involve the use of chemical quantities and calculations |
| D1.2 |
assess, on the basis of research, the importance of quantitative accuracy in industrial chemical processes and the potential impact on the environment if quantitative accuracy is not observed.
Sample questions: Why is it important to use the correct salt-sand mix on highways during winter storms? Why is it important to correctly measure the chemicals used in water treatment plants? How might incorrect measurements affect the environment? How and why are environmental contaminants monitored in soil, water, and air around a chemical manufacturing plant? |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Chemistry in the Environment |
| F1. |
evaluate the importance of government regulations, scientific analyses, and individual actions in improving air and water quality, and propose a personal plan of action to support these efforts |
| F1.2 |
evaluate the importance of quantitative chemical analysis in assessing air and water quality, and explain how these analyses contribute to environmental awareness and responsibility…
Sample questions: How can increased monitoring and reporting of air and water pollution influence the actions of individuals? Why are present chemical analyses not sufficient to detect and quantify all organic and inorganic contaminants in the water supply? How does WHMIS aid in minimizing damage to the environment and ensuring the safety of individuals in a case of an industrial accident? |
| F2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to chemical analysis and chemistry in the environment, including, but not limited to:…hard water, titration, pH, …and ppm |
| F2.3 |
conduct an acid–base titration to determine the concentration of an acid or a base |
| F2.4 |
conduct an inquiry, using available technology or chemical tests, to detect the presence of inorganic substances in various samples of water |
| F3.7 |
identify inorganic substances that can be found dissolved in water as a result of natural processes and human activities |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 12 | Chemical Calculations |
| E1.1 |
analyse processes in the home, the workplace, or the environmental sector that require an understanding of accurate chemical calculations
Sample issue: Farmers use fertilizers that contain nitrogen and phosphorus to fertilize their crops. Although these nutrients are needed by the crops for growth, too much fertilizer can harm crops and potentially run off into water systems and contribute to the eutrophication of ponds and lakes.
Sample questions: What are the potential effects of adding too much or too little chlorine to drinking water at a water purification plant or private well…? |
| E2.7 |
use qualitative observations of a chemical reaction to identify the chemical changes, presence of limiting reagents, and the products occurring in a chemical reaction |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Biology 10 | Tissues, Organs and Systems |
| B1.2 |
evaluate the effects that use of or exposure to a technology, substance, or environmental factor may have on the function of human tissues, organs, or systems
Sample questions: What impact does the ingestion of food additives have on the cells of the digestive system? What impact does smoking have on lung tissue…? |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to human cells, tissues, organs, and systems, including, but not limited to: absorption, …capillaries, concentration, differentiation, diffusion…, osmosis, … red blood cells, regeneration |
| B3.3 |
explain cell organization by describing the link between cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the human body |
| B3.4 |
explain the general function of some of the systems in the human body |
| B3.5 |
describe the interaction of systems in the human body, and explain why these interactions are necessary for survival |
|
|---|
Biology 10 | Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things |
| B1.2 |
assess the importance to human health and/or society of medical imaging technologies used in Canada in diagnosing or treating abnormalities in tissues, organs, and/or systems…
Sample questions: How are medical imaging technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease and stroke? |
| B1.3 |
describe public health strategies related to systems biology, and assess their impact on society
Sample questions: What strategies are included in public health initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of smoking-related diseases? What impact have these initiatives had on smoking rates and associated medical costs…? |
| B3.3 |
explain the links between specialized cells, tissues, organs, and systems in plants and animals |
| B3.4 |
explain the primary functions of a variety of systems in animals |
| B3.5 |
explain the interaction of different systems within an organism and why such interactions are necessary for the organism’s survival |
|
|---|
Biology 11 | Anatomy of Mammals |
| E1.2 |
analyse the impact of various lifestyle choices on human health and body systems.
Sample questions: Does information in the media have an impact on your personal lifestyle choices? Why or why not? Why is it important to limit strenuous outdoor activity on smog days or during heat alerts? What are the dangers of eating undercooked hamburgers? |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to animal anatomy, including, but not limited to: systolic contraction, diastolic pressure, diffusion gradient, inhalation, exhalation, coronary, cardiac, ulcer, asthma, and constipation |
| E2.2 |
use medical equipment to monitor a human system, and interpret the data collected |
| E2.3 |
plan and conduct an inquiry to determine the effects of specific variables on the human body |
| E3.1 |
describe the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system including the atrium, ventricles, valves, aorta, pulmonary artery, vena cava, capillaries, veins, arteries, blood cells, and platelets, the mechanisms of blood pressure, and the function of the spleen |
| E3.2 |
describe the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system including the nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and oxygenated and deoxygenated blood) and the mechanisms of gas exchange and respiration |
| E3.3 |
describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, the mechanisms of peristalsis, absorption, and mechanical and chemical digestion, and the function of the kidneys |
| E3.4 |
explain some of the mechanisms of interaction between a mammal’s different body systems |
|
|---|
Biology 11 | Animals: Structure and Function |
| E1.1 |
evaluate the importance of various technologies, including Canadian contributions, to our understanding of internal body systems… |
| E1.2 |
assess how societal needs lead to scientific and technological developments related to internal systems |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to animal anatomy, including, but not limited to: systolic, diastolic, diffusion gradient, inhalation, exhalation,coronary, cardiac, ulcer, asthma, and constipation |
| E2.3 |
use medical equipment to monitor the functional responses of the respiratory and circulatory systems to external stimuli |
| E3.1 |
explain the anatomy of the respiratory system and the process of ventilation and gas exchange from the environment to the cell |
| E3.2 |
explain the anatomy of the digestive system and the importance of digestion in providing nutrients needed for energy and growth |
| E3.3 |
explain the anatomy of the circulatory system and its function in transporting substances that are vital to health |
| E3.4 |
describe some disorders related to the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Medical Technologies |
| B2.2 |
use a variety of medical technologies to collect data related to blood pressure, heart rate, lung capacity, and body mass, and analyse the data |
| B3.1 |
explain the four primary vital signs in humans |
| B3.2 |
describe the normal range for various physiological and biochemical indicators |
| B3.3 |
explain the function and use of a variety of medical devices and technologies for diagnostic and treatment purposes |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Science and Public Health Issues |
| E3.3 |
explain the impact of various threats to public health, including infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and environmental factors |
| E3.5 |
describe public health measures, including legislation, that are used for the protection of the public |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Nutritional Science |
| D2.3 |
investigate how enzymes break down macromolecules, and test the products of different types of digestion |
| D3.4 |
describe the structure and function of the components of the digestive system with respect to physical and chemical digestion |
|
|---|
| Cross Curriculum Connections: Health and Physical Education |
| Course: Healthy Active Living Education |
| 9 Open | Healthy Living |
- explain the effects of the use and abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs
|
|---|
| 10 Open | Healthy Living |
- explain how healthy eating is beneficial to various physical activities
|
|---|
| Course: Health for Life |
| 11 Open | Community Health |
- describe the impact of specific health problems on personal health and the health of others
- demonstrate an awareness of the contributions that individuals can make to the health of others
- analyze how research and medical advances influence the prevention and control of health problems
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Physics 10 | Light and Applications of Optics |
| E1.1 |
analyse how additive and/or subtractive colour theory are applied in technologies used in everyday life |
| E1.2 |
describe the role of selected optical technologies in the transmission of information, and analyse their impact on society |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to light and optics, including, but not limited to: angle of incidence, angle of reflection, angle of refraction, centre of curvature, focal length, luminescence, magnification, principal axis, radius of curvature, and vertex |
| E2.4 |
predict the qualitative characteristics of images formed by converging lenses, test their predictions through inquiry, and draw ray diagrams to record their observations |
| E2.5 |
investigate how various objects or media reflect, transmit, or absorb light, and record their observations using ray diagrams |
| E2.6 |
predict the effect of shining a coloured light on objects of different colours, and test their predictions through inquiry |
| E3.1 |
describe various types of light emissions and how they produce light |
| E3.2 |
identify and label the visible and invisible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and identify the colours that make up visible white light |
| E3.3 |
explain the laws of reflection of light, and identify ways in which light reflects from various types of mirrors |
| E3.4 |
describe qualitatively how visible light is refracted at the interface between two different media |
| E3.5 |
use additive colour theory to predict the results of combining primary and secondary light colours |
| E3.6 |
use subtractive colour theory to describe the effect of colour filters on white light |
| E3.7 |
explain how the colour of an object is determined by reflection, absorption, and transmission of colour |
| E3.8 |
explain how the properties of light or colour are applied in the operation of an optical device |
|
|---|
Physics 10 | Light and Geometric Optics |
| E1.2 |
analyse a technological device that uses the properties of light, and explain how it has enhanced society |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to light and optics, including, but not limited to: angle of incidence, angle of reflection, angle of refraction, focal point, luminescence, magnification, mirage, and virtual image |
| E2.3 |
predict the qualitative characteristics of images formed by plane and curved mirrors, test their predictions through inquiry, and summarize their findings |
| E3.1 |
describe and explain various types of light emissions |
| E3.2 |
identify and label the visible and invisible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| E3.3 |
describe, on the basis of observation, the characteristics and positions of images formed by plane and curved mirrors, with the aid of ray diagrams and algebraic equations, where appropriate |
| E3.5 |
describe the characteristics and positions of images formed by converging lenses, with the aid of ray diagrams |
| E3.6 |
identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses (both converging and diverging) determine their use in optical instruments |
| E3.7 |
identify the factors, in qualitative...terms, that affect the refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another |
| E3.8 |
describe properties of light, and use them to explain naturally occurring optical phenomena |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Physics 11 | Waves and Sound |
| E2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to mechanical waves and sound, including, but not limited to: longitudinal wave, transverse wave, frequency, period, cycle, amplitude, phase, wavelength, velocity, superposition, constructive interference, destructive interference, standing waves, and resonance |
| E2.6 |
predict the conditions needed to produce resonance in vibrating objects or air columns, and test their predictions through inquiry |
| E2.7 |
analyse the conditions required to produce resonance in vibrating objects and/or in air columns, and explain how resonance is used in a variety of situations |
| E3.1 |
distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves in different media, and provide examples of both types of waves |
| E3.2 |
explain the components of resonance, and identify the conditions required for resonance to occur in vibrating objects and in various media |
| E3.4 |
identify the properties of standing waves, and, for both mechanical and sound waves, explain the conditions required for standing waves to occur |
| E3.5 |
explain the relationship between the speed of sound in various media and the particle nature of the media |
| E3.6 |
explain selected natural phenomena with reference to the characteristics and properties of waves |
|
|---|
Physics 11 | Forces |
| C2.2 |
conduct an inquiry that applies Newton’s laws to analyse, in qualitative and quantitative terms, the forces acting on an object, and use free-body diagrams to determine the net force and the acceleration of the object |
| C2.3 |
conduct an inquiry into the relationship between the acceleration of an object and its net force and mass... |
| C2.4 |
analyse the relationships between acceleration and applied forces such as the force of gravity, normal force, force of friction, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of kinetic friction... |
| C3.1 |
distinguish between, and provide examples of, different forces and describe the effect of each type of force on the velocity of an object |
| C3.2 |
explain how the theories and discoveries of Galileo and Newton advanced knowledge of the effects of forces on the motion of objects |
| C3.3 |
state Newton’s laws, and apply them, in qualitative terms, to explain the effect of forces acting on objects |
| D2.4 |
plan and conduct inquiries involving transformations between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy to test the law of conservation of energy |
| D3.1 |
describe a variety of energy transfers and transformations, and explain them using the law of conservation of energy |
| D3.5 |
describe, with reference to force and displacement along the line of force, the conditions that are required for work to be done |
|
|---|
Physics 11 | Kinematics |
| B1.1 |
analyse...a technology that applies concepts related to kinematics |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to kinematics, including, but not limited to: time, distance, position, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration |
| B2.4 |
conduct an inquiry into the uniform and non-uniform linear motion of an object |
| B3.3 |
describe the characteristics and give examples of a projectile’s motion in vertical and horizontal planes |
|
|---|
Physics 12 | Energy and Momentum |
| C1.1 |
analyse, with reference to the principles of energy and momentum, and propose practical ways to improve, a technology or procedure that applies these principles |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to energy and momentum, including, but not limited to: work,..., kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, thermal energy... |
| C2.4 |
conduct a laboratory inquiry...to test the law of conservation of energy during energy transformations that involve gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, and elastic potential energy |
| C3.4 |
explain the implications of the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum with reference to mechanical systems |
|
|---|
Physics 12 | Dynamics |
| B1.1 |
analyse a technological device that applies the principles of linear or circular motion |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to dynamics, including, but not limited to: inertial and non-inertial frames of reference, components, centripetal, period, frequency, static friction, and kinetic friction |
| B2.4 |
predict, in qualitative...terms the forces acting on systems of objects and plan and conduct an inquiry to test their predictions |
| B2.5 |
analyse, in qualitative...terms, the relationships between the motion of a system and the forces involved... |
| B2.6 |
analyse, in qualitative terms, the forces acting on and the acceleration experienced by an object in uniform circular motion in horizontal and vertical planes... |
| B2.7 |
conduct inquiries into the uniform circular motion of an object... |
| B3.1 |
distinguish between reference systems (inertial and non-inertial) with respect to the real and apparent forces acting within such systems |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
9 | Sustainable Ecosystems and Human Activity |
| B1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, how a human activity threatens the sustainability of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem
Sample issue: Pesticides and fertilizers are used to increase the productivity of land. However, run-off flows into water bodies and leaches into groundwater, poisoning the water or altering its chemical balance and affecting aquatic ecosystems.
Sample questions: … How does untreated waste released into rivers or lakes affect fish and animals that eat the fish…? |
| B1.2 |
assess the effectiveness of a local initiative of personal interest that seeks to ensure the sustainability of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem, and explain why the initiative is important to the sustainability of the ecosystem |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to sustainable ecosystems and human activity, including, but not limited to: biodiversity, biotic, ecosystem, equilibrium, species diversity, sustainability, and watershed |
| B2.2 |
investigate the characteristics and interactions of biotic and abiotic components of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem, and describe the importance of these components in a sustainable ecosystem |
| B2.3 |
compile ... qualitative and quantitative data on organisms within an undisturbed or disturbed ecosystem |
| B2.4 |
plan and conduct an inquiry into how a factor related to human activity affects a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem, and describe the consequences that this factor has for the sustainability of the ecosystem |
| B2.5 |
analyse the effect of factors related to human activity on terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems by interpreting data and generating graphs |
| B3.2 |
describe the interdependence of the components within a terrestrial and an aquatic ecosystem, and explain how the components of both systems work together to ensure the sustainability of a larger ecosystem |
| B3.5 |
identify some factors related to human activity that have an impact on ecosystems, and explain how these factors affect the equilibrium and survival of populations in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems |
|
|---|
9 | Sustainable Ecosystems |
| B1.1 |
assess, on the basis of research, the impact of a factor related to human activity that threatens the sustainability of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem |
| B2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to sustainable ecosystems, including, but not limited to: bioaccumulation, biosphere, diversity, ecosystem, equilibrium, sustainability, sustainable use, protection, and watershed |
| B2.3 |
plan and conduct an investigation, involving both inquiry and research, into how a human activity affects soil composition or soil fertility, and, extrapolating from the data and information gathered, explain the impact of this activity on the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems |
| B2.4 |
plan and conduct an investigation, involving both inquiry and research, into how a human activity affects water quality, and, extrapolating from the data and information gathered, explain the impact of this activity on the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems |
| B2.5 |
analyse the effect of human activity on the populations of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by interpreting data and generating graphs |
| B3.1 |
compare and contrast biotic and abiotic characteristics of sustainable and unsustainable terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems |
| B3.5 |
identify various factors related to human activity that have an impact on ecosystems, and explain how these factors affect the equilibrium and survival of ecosystems |
|
|---|
Biology 10 | Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things |
| B2.4 |
investigate, using a microscope or similar instrument, specialized cells in the human body or in plants, focusing on different types of cells ... |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Exploring Matter |
| C1.2 |
assess the social and environmental impact of the production or use of a common element or simple compound.
Sample issue: The use of road salt makes winter driving safer, reducing the social costs of motor vehicle accidents, including loss of human life. But the compounds in road salt damage roads and vehicles, pollute water systems, and harm animals and vegetation.
Sample questions: …What is the environmental impact of using fertilizers rich in nitrogen on lawns and gardens…? |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Atoms, Elements, and Compounds |
| C1.1 |
assess the usefulness of and/or the hazards associated with common elements or compounds in terms of their physical and chemical properties |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions |
| C3.1 |
describe the relationships between chemical formulae, composition, and names of binary compounds |
| C3.3 |
describe the types of evidence that indicate chemical change |
| C3.5 |
describe, on the basis of observation, the reactants in and products of a variety of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions |
| C3.7 |
describe how the pH scale is used to classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications |
| C1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, the function of chemical reactions in the production of selected products and/or in processes commonly encountered at home or in the workplace |
| C1. |
identify practical applications of chemical reactions in a particular profession, and assess the associated hazards, including hazards associated with the handling and disposal of chemicals.
Sample questions: How do lab technicians protect themselves from chemical reactions in their work environment? What applications of chemical reactions are used by hair stylists? What precautions can they take in using and disposing of the chemicals? What types of chemical reactions do chefs need to be aware of when they process or store food? What precautions should an auto mechanic take when changing the fluids in a car? |
| C2.3 |
conduct and observe inquiries related to simple chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions, and represent them using a variety of formats |
| C2.6 |
conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral |
| C3.1 |
describe the relationships between chemical formulae, composition, and names of simple compounds |
| C3.2 |
name and write the formulae for simple ionic and molecular compounds |
| C3.5 |
describe how the pH scale is used to identify the concentration of acids and bases |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
9 | Space Exploration |
| D1. |
analyse the major challenges and benefits of space exploration, and assess the contributions of Canadians to space exploration |
| D1.1 |
research the challenges associated with space exploration, and explain the purpose of materials and technologies that were developed to address these challenges and how these materials and technologies are now used in other fields of endeavour |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to space exploration |
| D2.4 |
investigate a technological challenge related to the exploration of celestial objects that arises from the objects' specific properties, and identify the solution that has been devised |
| D3.2 |
compare the characteristics and properties of celestial objects that constitute the solar system, including their motion and their distance from other celestial objects in the solar system |
| D3.3 |
identify the factors that make Earth well suited for the existence of life |
| D3.4 |
describe the characteristics of the sun and the effects of its energy on Earth and Earth's atmosphere |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
9 | The Study of the Universe |
| D1. |
assess some of the costs, hazards, and benefits of space exploration and the contributions of Canadians to space research and technology |
| D1.2 |
assess some of the costs, hazards, and benefits of space exploration |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to the study of the universe |
| D2.2 |
use direct observation, computer simulation, or star charts to determine the location, appearance, and motion of well-known stars and other celestial objects that are visible in the night sky |
| D2.4 |
gather and record data, using an inquiry or research process, on the properties of specific celestial objects within the solar system |
| D3.3 |
describe the major components of the solar system and the universe |
| D3.6 |
describe various reasons that humankind has had for studying space |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
Earth and Space Science 12 | Planetary Science (Science of the Solar System) |
| C1. |
analyse political, economic, and environmental issues related to the exploration and study of the solar system, and how technology used in space exploration can be used in other areas of endeavour |
| C2. |
investigate features of and interactions between bodies in the solar system, and the impact of these features and interactions on the existence of life |
| C1.1 |
analyse political considerations related to and economic and environmental consequences (actual and/or potential) of, exploration of the solar system |
| C3.1 |
explain the composition of the solar system |
| C3.5 |
identify and explain the properties of celestial bodies within or beyond the solar system other than Earth, that might support the existence of life |
| C3.6 |
compare Earth with other objects in the solar system with respect to properties such as mass, size, composition, rotation, magnetic field, and gravitational field |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
Earth and Space Science 12 | Earth Materials |
| E2. |
investigate the properties of minerals and characteristics of rocks, including those in their local area |
| E3. |
demonstrate an understanding of the properties of minerals and the formation and characteristics of rocks |
| E2.2 |
investigate the properties of various Earth materials |
| E2.3 |
conduct a series of tests (e.g., hardness, streak, density) to identify and classify common minerals |
| E2.4 |
investigate common igneous rocks (e.g., granite, obsidian, basalt, gabbro), using a hand lens, classify them on the basis of their texture |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions |
| C2.6 |
plan and conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral |
| C3.3 |
describe the types of evidence that indicate chemical change (e.g., changes in colour...) |
| C3.7 |
describe how the pH scale is used to classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications |
| C2.6 |
plan and conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral |
| C3.5 |
describe how the pH scale is used to identify the concentration of acids and bases |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
9 | Space Exploration |
| D1. |
analyse the major challenges and benefits of space exploration, and assess the contributions of Canadians to space exploration |
| D1.1 |
research the challenges associated with space exploration, and explain the purpose of materials and technologies that were developed to address these challenges and how these materials and technologies are now used in other fields of endeavour |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to space exploration |
| D2.4 |
investigate a technological challenge related to the exploration of celestial objects that arises from the objects' specific properties, and identify the solution that has been devised |
| D3.2 |
compare the characteristics and properties of celestial objects that constitute the solar system, including their motion and their distance from other celestial objects in the solar system |
| D3.3 |
identify the factors that make Earth well suited for the existence of life |
| D3.4 |
describe the characteristics of the sun and the effects of its energy on Earth and Earth's atmosphere |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
9 | The Study of the Universe |
| D1. |
assess some of the costs, hazards, and benefits of space exploration and the contributions of Canadians to space research and technology |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to the study of the universe |
| D2.2 |
use direct observation, computer simulation, or star charts to determine the location, appearance, and motion of well-known stars and other celestial objects that are visible in the night sky |
| D2.4 |
gather and record data, using an inquiry or research process, on the properties of specific celestial objects within the solar system |
| D3.3 |
describe the major components of the solar system and the universe |
| D3.6 |
describe various reasons that humankind has had for studying space |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
Earth and Space Science 12 | Planetary Science (Science of the Solar System) |
| C1. |
analyse political, economic, and environmental issues related to the exploration and study of the solar system, and how technology used in space exploration can be used in other areas of endeavour |
| C2. |
investigate features of and interactions between bodies in the solar system, and the impact of these features and interactions on the existence of life |
| C1.1 |
analyse political considerations related to and economic and environmental consequences (actual and/or potential) of, exploration of the solar system |
| C1.2 |
analyse, on the basis of research, a specific technology that is used in space exploration and that has applications in other areas of re- search or in the environmental sector |
| C2.4 |
investigate the ways in which interactions between solid bodies have helped to shape the solar system, including Earth |
| C3.1 |
explain the composition of the solar system |
| C3.5 |
identify and explain the properties of celestial bodies within or beyond the solar system other than Earth, that might support the existence of life |
| C3.6 |
compare Earth with other objects in the solar system with respect to properties such as mass, size, composition, rotation, magnetic field, and gravitational field |
|
|---|
| Strand: Earth and Space Science |
|
Earth and Space Science 12 | Earth Materials |
| E2. |
investigate the properties of minerals and characteristics of rocks, including those in their local area |
| E3. |
demonstrate an understanding of the properties of minerals and the formation and characteristics of rocks |
| E2.2 |
investigate the properties of various Earth materials |
| E2.3 |
conduct a series of tests (e.g., hardness, streak, density) to identify and classify common minerals |
| E2.4 |
investigate common igneous rocks (e.g., granite, obsidian, basalt, gabbro), using a hand lens, classify them on the basis of their texture |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions |
| C2.6 |
plan and conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral |
| C3.3 |
describe the types of evidence that indicate chemical change (e.g., changes in colour...) |
| C3.7 |
describe how the pH scale is used to classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications |
| C2.6 |
plan and conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral |
| C3.5 |
describe how the pH scale is used to identify the concentration of acids and bases |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Exploring Matter |
| C3.1 |
identify the characteristics of neutrons, protons, and electrons, including charge, location, and relative mass |
| C3.2 |
describe the characteristics that distinguish elements from compounds |
| C3.5 |
describe the characteristic physical and chemical properties of common elements |
| C3.6 |
use symbols and chemical formulae to represent common elements and simple compounds |
| C3.7 |
identify the elements and compounds in common household products |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 9 | Atoms, Elements, and Compounds |
| C3.2 |
describe the characteristics of neutrons, protons, and electrons, including charge, location, and relative mass |
| C3.4 |
describe the characteristic physical and chemical properties of common elements and compounds |
| C3.8 |
identify and use the symbols for common elements (e.g., C, Cl, S, N) and the formulae for common compounds (e.g., H2O, CO2, NaCl, O2) |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions |
| C2.2 |
construct molecular models to illustrate the structure of molecules in simple chemical reactions |
| C3.1 |
describe the relationships between chemical formulae, composition, and names of binary compounds |
| C3.3 |
describe the types of evidence that indicate chemical change |
| C3.4 |
write word equations and balanced chemical equations for simple chemical reactions |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
10 | Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications |
| C1.2 |
identify practical applications of chemical reactions in a particular profession |
| C2.2 |
construct molecular models of simple chemical reactions (e.g., C + O2 ? CO2; 2H2 + O2 ? 2H2O), and produce diagrams of these models [PR, C] |
| C3.1 |
describe the relationships between chemical formulae, composition, and names of simple compounds |
| C3.2 |
name and write the formulae for simple ionic and molecular compounds |
| C3.3 |
write word equations and balanced chemical equations for simple chemical reactions |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
Chemistry 11 | Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry |
| F3.2 |
describe the different states of matter, and explain their differences in terms of the forces between atoms, molecules, and ions |
| F3.3 |
use the kinetic molecular theory to explain the properties and behaviour of gases in terms of types and degrees of molecular motion |
F3.4 |
describe, for an ideal gas, the quantitative relationships that exist between the variables of pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of substance |
|
|---|
| Strand: Chemistry |
|
11 | Chemical Reactions |
| C3.1 |
identify various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion |
| C3.2 |
explain the difference between a complete combustion reaction and an incomplete combustion reaction |
| C3.3 |
explain the chemical reactions that result in the formation of acids and bases from metal oxides and non-metal oxides(e.g., calcium oxide reacts with water to produce a basic solution; carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce an acidic solution) |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
9 | The Characteristics of Electricity |
| E1. |
assess some of the costs and benefits associated with the production of electrical energy from renewable and non‑renewable sources, and analyse how electrical efficiencies and savings can be achieved, through both the design of technological devices and practices in the home |
| E2. |
investigate, through inquiry, various aspects of electricity, including the properties of static and current electricity, and the quantitative relationships between potential difference, current, and resistance in electrical circuits |
| E3. |
demonstrate an understanding of the principles of static and current electricity |
| E1.2 |
assess some of the social, economic, and environmental implications of the production of electrical energy in Canada from renewable and non‑renewable sources
Sample issue: The operation of wind farms along Lake Huron produces electricity from a renewable source, reducing dependence on non-renewable sources of electricity. However, the wind farms produce noise and visual pollution, affect local animal life, and reduce the amount of land available for agriculture. |
| E2.2 |
conduct investigations into the transfer of static electric charges by friction, contact, and induction... |
| E2.3 |
predict the ability of different materials to hold or transfer electric charges... |
| E2.6 |
analyse and interpret the effects of adding an identical load in series and in parallel in a simple circuit |
| E3.2 |
explain the characteristics of conductors and insulators and howmaterials allow static charge to build up or be discharged |
| E3.4 |
identify the components of a simple DC circuit and explain their functions |
| E3.5 |
explain the characteristics of electric current, potential difference, and resistance in simple series and parallel circuits, noting how the quantities differ in the two circuits |
| E3.6 |
describe, qualitatively, the interrelationships between resistance, potential difference, and electric current |
| E3.8 |
explain how various factors influence the resistance of an electrical circuit |
|
|---|
9 | Electrical Applications |
| E1. |
assess the major social, economic, and environmental costs and benefits of using electrical energy, distinguishing between renewable and non‑renewable sources... |
| E2. |
investigate, through inquiry, the properties of static and current electricity and the cost of the consumption of electrical energy |
| E3. |
demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and principles of static and current electricity |
| E1.1 |
assess social, economic, and environmental costs and benefits of using a renewable and a non‑renewable source of electrical energy, taking the issue of sustainability into account. |
| E2.5 |
compare, on the basis of observation, the differences between series and parallel circuits |
| E3.1 |
compare conductors and insulators, and explain how materials allow static charge to build up or be discharged |
| E3.2 |
explain the law of electric charges with reference to common electrostatic phenomena |
| E3.3 |
identify the components of a simple direct current (DC) electrical circuit, and describe their functions |
| E3.5 |
explain the characteristics of electric current, potential difference, and resistance, in simple series and parallel circuits |
| E3.7 |
explain the practical use of resistance in a common household product |
|
|---|
| Grade |
Topic |
Expectations |
Biology 11 | Diversity of Living Things |
| B3.2 |
compare and contrast the structure and function of different types of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses |
| B3.3 |
describe unifying and distinguishing anatomical and physiological characteristics of representative organisms from each of the kingdoms |
|
|---|
Biology 11 | Evolution |
| C2.2 |
use a research process to investigate some of the key factors that affect the evolutionary process |
| C2.4 |
investigate, through a case study or computer simulation, the processes of natural selection and artificial selection and analyse the different mechanisms by which they occur |
| C3.2 |
explain the process of adaptation of individual organisms to their environment |
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Biology 11 | Genetic Processes |
| D1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, some of the social and ethical implications of research in genetics and genomics |
| D1.2 |
evaluate, on the basis of research, the importance of some recent contributions to knowledge, techniques, and technologies related to genetic processes |
| D2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to genetic processes, including, but not limited to: haploid, diploid, spindle, synapsis, gamete, zygote, heterozygous, homozygous, allele, plasmid, trisomy, non-disjunction, and somatic cell |
| D3.5 |
describe some reproductive technologies and explain how their use can increase the genetic diversity of a species |
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Biology 11 | Genetics |
| D1.2 |
evaluate, on the basis of research, some of the effects of genetic research and biotechnology on the environment |
| D3.2 |
explain how the concepts of DNA, genes, chromosomes, alleles, mitosis and meiosis account for the transmission of hereditary characteristics from generation to generation |
| D3.5 |
describe reproductive technologies such as cloning, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization |
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Biology 11 | Microbiology |
| C1.1 |
assess some of the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of microorganisms in the environment |
| C1.2 |
analyse ethical issues related to the use of microorganisms in biotechnology |
| C2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to microbiology, including, but not limited to: fission, conjugation, phage, dormancy, morphology, mycelium, spore, pathogen, and plasmid |
| C2.3 |
prepare a laboratory culture of microorganisms on agar, using proper aseptic techniques |
| C2.4 |
investigate the effect of antibacterial agents on different bacterial cultures |
| C2.5 |
investigate and analyse the conditions needed by microorganisms for growth |
| C3.1 |
describe the anatomy and morphology of various groups of microorganisms |
| C3.4 |
explain the different methods of reproduction in various types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi |
|
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Biology 12 | Biochemistry |
| B1.2 |
evaluate, on the basis of research, some advances in cellular biology and related technological applications |
| B2.2 |
plan and conduct an investigation to demonstrate the movement of substances across a membrane |
| B2.3 |
construct and draw three-dimensional molecular models of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| B2.5 |
plan and conduct an investigation related to a cellular process using appropriate laboratory equipment and techniques, and report the results in an appropriate format |
| B3.2 |
describe the structure of important biochemical compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and explain their function within cells |
| B3.3 |
identify common functional groups within biological molecules and explain how they contribute to the function of each molecule |
| B3.6 |
describe the structure of cell membranes according to the fluid mosaic model, and explain the dynamics of passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and the movement of large particles across the cell membrane by the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis |
|
|---|
Biology 12 | Molecular Genetics |
| D1.1 |
analyse, on the basis of research, some of the social, ethical, and legal implications of biotechnology |
| D2.4 |
investigate and analyse the cell components involved in the process of protein synthesis, using appropriate laboratory equipment and techniques, or a computer simulation |
| D3.2 |
compare the structures and functions of RNA and DNA, and explain their roles in the process of protein synthesis |
| D3.3 |
explain the steps involved in the process of protein synthesis and how genetic expression is controlled in prokaryotes and eukaryotes by regulatory proteins |
| D3.5 |
describe some examples of genetic modification, and explain how it is applied in industry and agriculture |
| D3.6 |
describe the functions of some of the cell components used in biotechnology |
| D3.7 |
describe, on the basis of research, some of the historical scientific contributions that have advanced our understanding of molecular genetics |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Disease and Its Prevention |
| D2.2 |
conduct an investigation, using safe practices and aseptic techniques, to compare the characteristics and growth of different types of non-pathogenic bacteria |
| D2.3 |
investigate the effects of various drug therapies on the growth of bacteria |
| D3.4 |
describe the use of vaccines, antibiotics, antiseptics, and other medical measures, both conventional and alternative, intended to control disease |
| D3.6 |
explain the importance of the proper use, storage, and disposal of medications |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Biotechnology |
| F1.1 |
analyse social issues related to an application of biotechnology in the health, agricultural, or environmental sector |
| F1.2 |
analyse, on the basis of research, ethical and legal issues related to an application of biotechnology in the health, agricultural, or environmental sector |
| F2.1 |
use appropriate terminology related to biotechnology, including, but not limited to: selective breeding, hybridization, replication, mutation, genomics, and gene therapy |
| F2.3 |
investigate, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, a recently developed biotechnological method used in the health sector |
| F3.1 |
explain various methods used, over time, in the field of biotechnology |
| F3.3 |
describe applications of biotechnology in the health, agricultural and environmental sectors |
|
|---|
| Strand: Science |
|
Science 12 | Pathogens and Disease |
| C2.2 |
analyse, on the basis of inquiry, the effects of various treatments on pathogenesis |
| C2.4 |
use an inquiry process to demonstrate the effect of the use of sterile techniques on pathogenesis |
| C3.4 |
describe the role of vaccines, antibiotics, antiretrovirals, and other drug therapies and antiseptics in the control of pathogenesis |
| C3.5 |
describe non-medical ways to protect oneself from contracting pathogenic disease in a variety of situations |
| C3.7 |
describe aseptic techniques used in the workplace, and explain their importance in preventing the spread of pathogens |
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